Tugas Softskill 3

Puteri Arindya A.

16613971

4SA04

My kidneys have failed, and I know my kids face the same fate

By Claire Bates BBC News Magazine

• 21 November 2016

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• Mandy was born with a disease that caused both her kidneys to fail
• After years of pain and dialysis, she has just had a kidney transplant
• Her mother, brother and two sisters have the same condition
• Mandy found out her two youngest children have inherited the disease

Mandy Littlewood is sitting on a park bench with her husband John, their two small dogs are chasing each other up and down the sloping field.

"The kids love to come down and play here as soon as they get home from school," Mandy says.

"It's so convenient as it's just down the road from our house."

But she knows the days of playing carefree in the park are numbered. Millie, 10 and Zac, nine, have inherited a life-threatening disease from her.

Image copyright Phil Coomes Image caption Mandy with one of two dogs who provide much needed distraction

Mandy has polycystic kidney disease. It causes fluid-filled cysts to grow in the kidneys over several years. Symptoms, such as chronic pain in the abdomen and urinary tract infections, usually appear between the ages of 30 and 40 but can appear as early as childhood. Sufferers are placed on dialysis and eventually need an organ transplant.

The disease is hereditary and affects Mandy's mother, her sister and two or her aunts and uncles. Her grandmother died from the disease. Someone affected by the condition has a 50% chance of passing it on to their children.

"I've never felt angry about having it as it isn't anyone's fault - it's just something that happens."

1.      "The kids love to come down and play here as soon as they get home from school," Mandy says.

Indirect speech: Mandy said that the kids loved to come down and play there as soon as they got home from school.

2.      "I've never felt angry about having it as it isn't anyone's fault - it's just something that happens."

Indirect speech: Mandy said that she had never felt angry about having it as it wasn’t anyone’s fault, it was just something that happened.

Source: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-37556544

Softskill Assignment 1: TOEFL

Softskill 1

A. 9 The flights were cancel by them because of fog.

The answer is B. cancel, it should be cancelled (passive form is be+V3)

B. 7 He couldn't gave me a good reason, for what he did.

The answer is A. gave, it should be give (modal should be followed by V1)

C. 1 Daniel said that if he had to do homework tonight, he wouldn't have been able to attend the concert.

The answer is C. wouldn't have been, it should be wouldn't be (if condition type 2)

Novel Review

1.      Plot

Plot: This novel uses Mixed Flow.

Introduction
The beginning of this story using the backward flow. tell someone who remembered the past and that past problems will be resolved soon. The main character is now considering the first time she met Danar, someone she loves above the city's largest bookstore.

The emergence of conflicts

After being helped by Danar, Tania began to have a seed of love that keeps it until mounting without expressed fertilizer. sejalannya time Danar has a lover named Ratna (which is a great temptation to tania). Tania still does not express her feelings. until Tania grow up and move to Singapore, she still harbored feelings.

Conflict peak

Tania heard that Danar & Ratna will soon be married. so sad Tania reluctant to return to Jakarta (Tania’s school is in Singapore at the time). Her feelings are so messed up, her emotions a great burst. Turmoil to express her feelings are on the cusp that will erupt at any time. Danar asked herself as a bridesmaid at the wedding. Tania’s feelings were broken and crushed.

Anti-Climax
Anti-climax begins when Tania was no longer able to hold it all, she started talking about her feelings to her brother, Dede. Dede already know and will reveal something to Tania if she would return to Jakarta. For the sake to resolve problems and issues this endless, Tania rose and determined to return to Jakarta to meet Danar. (And his new wife).

Problem Solving

This story leads when marriage of Danar and Ratna continued, despite the pain, she remained face to face with Danar. After receiving some evidence of Danar (which unfolded Dede) Tania rushed to Danar browsing linden tree. Been disclosed that feeling, Tania’s feeling detained since she was young, she thought could stop feeling as an adult, was even longer rooted to date. The unspoken feeling, unspeakable to Danar. And Tania got surprised, during this Danar also keeps his feelings, feelings that seeks Danar refused each time and the result was a big ZERO. He loves Tania just as Tania loves himself. But the rice has become porridge, this is the fault of both parties. They can not blame themselves or others. This is destiny.

At the end of the story they agreed to forgot their feelings each other and life as it is. Ratna who is now 4 months pregnant impossible live in Danar sake of love ever. End of life is to be run as usual, normal as natural-fair.

2.      Themes

The theme in this novel is "Love does not have to have", as in the following quote "Love does not have to have. Nothing is perfect in this life." (P.256)

3.      Characterizations

A. Tania: Work hard and smart, caring and compassionate, jealous, stubborn, childish, afraid to convey a feeling.

B. Dede: Intelligent, able to understand the situation, not talk too much.

C. Danar: Kind-hearted, hard worker.

D. Ratna: Tough in difficult circumstances, caring, no grudge, not prejudge.

4.      Settings

a.       Setting scene

1)      The largest bookstore in the city, where Tania first went along with Danar, place that has many meanings, where Tania considering all memories.

2)      China Town, where Tania, Dede, and Danar eat, also where Danar admitted that he would marry Ratna.

3)      Changi Airport, where Danar provided special pendant for Tania.

4)      Dorm, a place where Tania live in Singapore.

b.      Setting time

1)      In the night (That night we also saw the view from the second floor of the bookstore (P.124))

2)      In the afternoon (Actually, Dede and I only got at least IDR19.000 (P. 21))

c.       Setting atmosphere

Setting atmosphere in this novel is very diverse from happiness when together for the first time Danar invited Tania and Dede to the bookstore, when Tania got jealous seeing Danar with Ratna, while distressing when the mother passed away, and painful to accept that Danar and Ratna will be married.

5.      Viewpoint

Author's viewpoint used in this novel is the first main actor. In this novel Tania as a narrator who tells the story line. As where the quote below:

"I painted the room emptied. All objects past brought. Smiling last time staring at the whole building" (P. 255)

6.      Moral Values

1)      Not everything we want can be achieved so we should not impose the will.

2)      We must not give up so easily believe what we do must be useful.

3)      Everything is already there that regulate what we need to do is to try and pray that all be good.

4)      Every human being must have felt lost and was very painful, the only way is to let it all go.

5)      Love can not come and go just like that, but it provides a lesson for us to how to maintain it.

English Practice For Elementary School Students

Fill in the blanks with these words in the box!

Let’s Make the City Clean and Fresh

            A __________ and fresh city will surely make the inhabitants healthy. Every morning especially in _________________, all roads must be _________________ with clean water and swept by the workers of regional government under the mayor’s instruction.

            To protect people from heavy pollution caused by cars, trucks and motorcycles, enough trees must be _________________  along the roads. Every building or house in the city must be surrounded by short and _________________ trees which bear colorful _________________.

            Bad and improper habits which cause _________________, such as smoking and throwing rubbish anywhere should be _________________ at once.

            The city mayor will have to think over the way to educate people, so they realize how important cleanliness and health are. More public lavatories are badly needed.

            It will be wise if the city mayor decides a certain amount of fine to be paid  by those who _________________ the government regulation on cleanliness matter. For example, a man who urinates not at a lavatory, smokes not at a _________________ or throws rubbish at the roads should be fined. Besides dirtying the environment with cigarettes’ butts, smoking will also cause polution and bad lung diseases to other people.

            So, bad habits and impolite attitude should be immediately stopped, otherwise the city will be dirty, unhealthy, badly polluted and will never attract foreign and domestic tourists as well.

break		smoking room		clean
	small		disadvantages
planted		watered		stopped
	dry season		Flowers

Holiday in Thailand

On May 2014, I went to Bangkok, Thailand. I went there with my friends. On the 1^st  day, I went to Grand Palace, Wat Pho, Wat  Arun, and Asiatique. I went there by boat. I took a lot of pictures and met people abroad. I stayed overnight at a guesthouse located near Khao San Road. Every night, I walked around Khao San Road to have dinner, I tried Pad Thai, typical food Thailand.

On the 3^rd day, I went to Pattaya by van from Bangkok. It took about 2 hours to arrive there. When I only touched down, I went to Koh Larn to see the beautiful beaches there. Pattaya has a lot of wonderful beaches, no wonder why there were a lot of foreigners come to see and enjoy the beauty of them. I walked around the beach, played with the sand, and took a lot of pictures. I love it when I was in Bangkok, but there’s a thing that made me upset when I was there because most of Thailand citizen can not speak English, so I got troubles when I wanted to ask about the streets or places. Overall, Thailand is a nice place to visit.

Kumpulan Kata-kata Mutiara Untuk Memotivasi Anak

Pantun Motivasi:

Tumbuh merata pohon tebu

Pergi ke pasar membeli daging

Banyak harta miskin ilmu

Bagai rumah tidak berdinding

Bunga kenanga di atas kubur

Pucuk sari pandan Jawa

Apa guna sombong dan takabur

Rusak hati badan binasa

Di tepi kali saya menyinggah

Menghilang penat menahan jerat

Orang tua jangan disanggah

Agar selamat dunia akhirat

Kata-kata Motivasi:

Jangan takut akan bayangan, karena bayangan berarti ada suatu cahaya bersinar di dekatnya

Jika kamu telah berusaha untuk mengubah sesuatu namun tetap tidak berhasil,

maka cobalah untuk mengubah pandanganmu

Hidup berakhir saat kamu berhenti bermimpi,

Harapan hilang saat kamu berhenti percaya

Dan cinta gagal saat kamu berhenti peduli

Jangan pernah meremehkan kemampuanmu,

Jika kamu menyadari betapa kuatnya pikiranmu, kamu tak akan pernah berpikir untuk menyerah

Harapan tinggallah harapan jika tidak disertai tindakan,

Impian tinggallah impian jika tidak selaras dengan kemampuan

Teori Penulisan Bahasa Iklan

Kata iklan (advertising) berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yang artinya adalah menggiring orang pada gagasan. Adapun pengertian iklan secara komprehensif adalah semua bentuk aktivitas untuk menghadirkan dan mempromosikan ide, barang, atau jasa secara nonpersonal yang dibayar oleh sponsor tertentu. 

Secara umum, iklan berwujud penyajian informasi nonpersonal tentang suatu produk, merek, perusahaan, atau took yang dijalankan dengan konpensasi biaya tertentu. Dengan demikian, iklan merupakan suatu proses komunikasi yang bertujuan untuk membujuk dan menggiring orang untuk mengambil tindakan yang menguntungkan bagi pihak pembuat iklan. 
Iklan yang memiliki daya tarik termasuk iklan yang berguna untuk memancing tanggapan (respons) dari konsumen. Supaya berdaya tarik maka materi iklan diterjemahkan dalam eksekusi iklan. Dalam hal ini, kategori yang dipakai rasional dan emosional, atau kombinasi keduanya.

Sebuah produk atau jasa wajib memposisikan diri untuk menempatkan citra produk atau jasa ke dalam benak konsumen. Untuk itu, hal-hal spesifik yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian, antara lain, atribut, harga, kualitas, penggunaan, persepsi pemakai, dan kategori produk. Yang tak kalah pentingnya adalah mencari dan menempatkan posisi khusus dalam pikiran konsumen. 
Bahasa dalam iklan dituntut untuk mampu menggugah, manarik, mengidentifikasi, manggalang kebersamaan, dan mengkomunikasikan pesan dengan koperatif kepada khalayak (Stan Rapp & Tom Collins, 1995: 152). Dengan demikian, struktur kata dalam penulisan iklan adalah:

1.      Menggugah: mencermati kebutuhan konsumen, memberikan solusi, dan memberikan perhatian.

2.      Informatif: kata-katanya harus jelas, besahabat, komunikatif, dan tidak bertele-tele apalagi sampai mengabaikan durasi penayangan.

3.      Persuasif: rangkaian kalimatnya membuat target audience senang, nyaman, dan tentram.

Untuk menyampaikan gagasan pikiran tersebut dalam suatu bahasa, seorang penulis iklan harus mengetahui aturan-bahasa tersebut, seperti tata bahasa, kaidah-kaidahnya, idiom-idiomnya, nuansa atau konotasi sebuah kata, dan sebagainya. Syarat ini adalah syarat yang mutlak.
Gaya bahasa dan jenis kata dalam iklan yang dibuat untuk surat kabar tentu berbeda dengan iklan yang dibuat untuk ditayangkan di radio atau televisi. Sebab surat kabarmemeningkan mata dan dapat diamati orang dengan lama. Semenrata radio mementingkan telinga dan televise memeningkan mata dan telinga. Kedua yang terakhir ini bersifat sekelebat.
Selain itu, bahasa yang dipakai dalam pembuatan iklan harus mampu mengarahkan target audience untuk membeli, menggunakan, atau beralih ke produk jasa yang diiklankan. Tentu saja, perlu juga diperhatikan apakah produk yang diiklankan baru ataukah sudah lama. Gaya dan jenis bahasa yang dipakai pun harus sesuai dengan target audience.

Dalam kaitan dengan kebahasaan, ternyata ada dua jenis bahasa yang harus dibedakan. Kedua jenis bahasa itu berkaitan dengan bahasa normatif dan bahasa deskriptif. Kedua jenis bahasa ini ternyata juga memiliki serbaneka laras bahasa komunikasi. Oleh karena itu, serbaneka laras bahasa komunikasi perlu mendapat perhatian, seperti laras jurnalistik, laras SMS (surat-menyurat singkat, seperti EGP: emang gue pikirin, KDL: kesian deh lo, BKT: bau ketek, dan !@*?(^^|$: bingung), laras iklan (aku dan kau suka dancow), laras prokem dan gaul (nyokap, bokap, dugem). 

Di samping laras bahasa yang wajib mendapat perhatian, ada pedoman kebahasaan yang digunakan untuk bahasa iklan, seperti:

1. Mudah untuk dipahami konsumen; 
2. Sederhana bahasanya dan jernih pengutaraannya; 
3. Tanpa kalimat majemuk; 
4. Kalimatnya aktif, bukan kalimat pasif; 
5. Bahasanya padat dan kuat;
6. Bahasanya positif, bukan bahasa negatif;

Untuk menulis naskah dengan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, mereka harus menguasai EYD. Agar maknanya dapat ditangkap oleh target audience. Bahasa harus mengandung makna ketika kita ungkapkan pada orang lain, agar mereka memahami apa yang kita ungkapkan tersebut. Bahasa yang informatif, menerangkan 5W+1H secara jelas dan singkat sesuai dengan hal yang akan di-iklankan nanti. 

Pada umumnya bahasa iklan memiliki prinsip sebagai berikut :

1.      Iklan berisi pernyataan yang jujur, bertanggung jawab dan tidak bertentangan dengan hukum yang berlaku. 

2.      Iklan berisi pernyataan yang jauh dari unsur menyinggung perasaan dan merendahkan martabat negara,agama, susila, adat, budaya, suku dan golongan.

3.      Iklan berisi pernyataan yang menjiwai asas persaingan yang sehat. 

Teori Penulisan Bahasa Iklan Menurut Saya:

Iklan merupakan suatu alat yang penting untuk mempromosikan atau memperkenalkan suatu barang/produk dan jasa dari para produsen kepada para konsumen, para produsen akan mencari cara untuk menarik, membujuk, dan mengajak para konsumen untuk membeli produk mereka.

Banyak hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam membuat iklan, seperti:

1.      Bahasa yang digunakan merupakan bahasa yang komunikatif dan informatif  yang dapat dipahami dan dimengerti oleh khalayak umum;

2.      Iklan harus bersifat persuasif dan menarik;

3.      Iklan menggunakan bahasa yang jelas, singkat, dan tidak bertele-tele;

4.      Tidak memakan durasi waktu yang banyak.

Selain menarik, iklan juga harus mengandung enam unsur yang ada pada konsumen, yaitu:

1.      Kesadaran

2.      Knowledge/pengetahuan

3.      Liking/kesukaan

4.      Preference/preferensi

5.      Conviction/keyakinan

6.      Purchase/pembelian

Sumber:
http://johnherf.wordpress.com/2008/04/16/bahasa-iklan-komunisuasif/

http://kuliahkomunikasi.blogspot.com/2008/03/belajar-iklan-bahasa-dalam-iklan.html

http://rhany333.wordpress.com/2010/03/10/iklan-bahasa-iklan-dan-bahasa-komunikasi/

http://tipspenulisanbahasaiklan.blogspot.com/

http://megapratiwi-tugas.blogspot.com/2011/05/teori-penulisan-bahasa-iklan.html